Question 1

Although Kaylee agreed with a particular politician's policies and position statements, her unconscious gut reaction to his slightly high-pitched voice led her to vote for the opposition candidate. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   a critical period.
D)   belief perseverance.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's

Accepted Answer

A)   accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.
B)   ability to reason speedily and abstractly.
C)   capacity for divergent thinking.
D)   willingness to revise beliefs in light of new information.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Psychologists generally agree that intelligence test scores are ________ in terms of being sensitive to differences caused by cultural experiences and are ________ in terms of their predictive validity for different groups.

Accepted Answer

A)   biased; biased
B)   biased; not biased
C)   not biased; biased
D)   not biased; not biasedE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our ________ of a bird.

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristic
B)   prototype
C)   algorithm
D)   phonemeE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a

Accepted Answer

A)   computerized video game competition.
B)   speed-reading tournament.
C)   spelling bee.
D)   speech-giving contest.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Stockbrokers who market their services with confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   appear credible to their customers.
B)   find it difficult to decide which stocks to purchase.
C)   avoid the dangers of belief perseverance.
D)   use algorithms to generate stock choices.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Phonemes are the basic units of ________ in language.

Accepted Answer

A)   sound
B)   meaning
C)   grammar
D)   semanticsE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

The sort of problem solving that demonstrates "school smarts" is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of

Accepted Answer

A)   divergent thinking.
B)   intelligence.
C)   intrinsic motivation.
D)   heritability.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

Accepted Answer

A)   prototypes.
B)   heuristics.
C)   phonemes.
D)   algorithms.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Phonemes are

Accepted Answer

A)   the best examples of particular categories of objects.
B)   the smallest distinctive sound units of a language.
C)   rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences.
D)   the smallest speech units that carry meaning.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

A stroke may impair the ability to speak distinctly without harming the ability to read because different language functions depend on different

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristics.
B)   mental sets.
C)   neural networks.
D)   critical periods.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the text's position regarding the relative contribution of genes and environment in determining intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Except in cases of a neglectful early environment, each individual's basic intelligence is largely the product of heredity.
B)   Except in those with genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, intelligence results primarily from environmental experiences.
C)   Both genes and life experiences significantly influence performance on intelligence tests.
D)   Because intelligence tests have such low predictive validity, the question cannot be addressed until psychologists agree on a more valid test of intelligence.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Discuss evidence demonstrating the importance of critical periods for learning language. Explain what these critical periods suggest regarding the biological and environmental influences on language development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss evidence demonstrating the importance of critical...

Question 14

Current intelligence tests compute an individual's intelligence score as

Accepted Answer

A)   the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100.
B)   the ratio of chronological age to mental age multiplied by 100.
C)   the amount by which the test-taker's performance deviates from the average performance of others the same age.
D)   the ratio of the test-taker's verbal intelligence score to his or her nonverbal intelligence score.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixation.
B)   the framing effect.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   overconfidence.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Assume that Congress is considering revising its approach to welfare and to this end is hearing a range of testimony. A member of Congress who uses the availability heuristic would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   want to experiment with numerous possible approaches to see which of these seems to work best.
B)   want to cling to approaches to welfare that seem to have had some success in the past.
C)   refuse to be budged from his or her beliefs despite persuasive testimony to the contrary.
D)   base his or her ideas on the most vivid, memorable testimony given, even though many of the statistics presented run counter to this testimony.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   an algorithm.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

After gathering extensive information about the colleges she was interested in attending, Krista let the information "incubate" outside her conscious awareness for several days. This provided time for her decision to be potentially enhanced by

Accepted Answer

A)   a critical period.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   an algorithm.
D)   intuition.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Using barely recognizable syllables to communicate meaning best illustrates a 12-month-old's developing capacity for

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax.
B)   telegraphic speech.
C)   productive language.
D)   framing.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at

Accepted Answer

A)   creative problem solving.
B)   nonverbal memory.
C)   convergent thinking.
D)   factor analysis.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Although Kaylee agreed with a particular politician's policies and position statements, her unconscious gut reaction to his slightly high-pitched voice led her to vote for the opposition candidate. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phonemes are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stockbrokers who market their services with confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the text's position regarding the relative contribution of genes and environment in determining intelligence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phonemes are the basic units of ________ in language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss evidence demonstrating the importance of critical periods for learning language. Explain what these critical periods suggest regarding the biological and environmental influences on language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists generally agree that intelligence test scores are ________ in terms of being sensitive to differences caused by cultural experiences and are ________ in terms of their predictive validity for different groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assume that Congress is considering revising its approach to welfare and to this end is hearing a range of testimony. A member of Congress who uses the availability heuristic would be most likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Current intelligence tests compute an individual's intelligence score as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sort of problem solving that demonstrates "school smarts" is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After gathering extensive information about the colleges she was interested in attending, Krista let the information "incubate" outside her conscious awareness for several days. This provided time for her decision to be potentially enhanced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stroke may impair the ability to speak distinctly without harming the ability to read because different language functions depend on different

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our ________ of a bird.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using barely recognizable syllables to communicate meaning best illustrates a 12-month-old's developing capacity for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Psychologists generally agree that intelligence test scores are in terms of being sensitive to differences caused by cultural experiences and are in terms of their predictive validity for different groups.

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