Question 1

What is one line of evidence supporting the idea that cancer is influenced by environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

There are significant differences in the...

Question 2

What are normal cellular genes whose products are involved in facilitating cell division to occur under appropriate conditions called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proto-oncogenes
B)  Tumor-suppressor genes
C)  Passenger genes
D)  Inhibitor genes
E)  Driver genesF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

Briefly describe the role that the genes APC, p53, and ras may have in the development of colorectal cancer.

Accepted Answer

All three of these genes are often mutat...

Question 4

Evidence that the development of cancer is a multistep process includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the observation that certain tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes are involved in a sequential manner in the development of colon cancer.
B)  the fact that proto-oncogenes are widely conserved in evolution.
C)  the usual occurrence of retinoblastoma at a young age.
D)  the development of a cancer as a result of activation of a single oncogene by any of a variety of mechanisms.
E)  the fact that there are many genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that lead to inactivation of the same tumor-suppressor gene.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D) A

Question 5

List three observations consistent with the idea that cancer arises through an accumulation of mutations in several genes that promote cellular proliferation in single cells.

Accepted Answer

(1)When single tumors are dissected and ...

Question 6

Which of the following sequence of events will likely lead to colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carcinoma develops, polyps form, cancer metastasizes.
B)  Adenoma forms, polyps form, tumor-suppressor APC gene mutates, cancer metastasizes.
C)  Tumor-suppressor APC gene mutates, polyps form, adenoma forms, carcinoma forms.
D)  Proto-oncogenes mutate into tumor-suppressor genes, polyps form, cancer metastasizes.
E)  Carcinoma becomes metastatic, polyps form, tumor-suppressor APC gene mutates.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

In Burkitt lymphoma patients, despite translocation, the oncogene c-MYC remains nearly intact in its new location.Yet c-MYC is believed to be responsible for the lymphoma because the c-MYC:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequence undergoes hypermethylation.
B)  DNA sequence is nearly intact but is inverted in the new position.
C)  gene is released from inhibition by miRNAs.
D)  gene is placed under the control of B-cell-specific gene regulatory sequences and is highly expressed.
E)  DNA sequence undergoes several point mutations.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

A tumor-suppressor gene that is mutated in about 75% of all colon cancers is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  p53.
B)  BRCA 1.
C)  myc.
D)  ras.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 9

If you were assigned to study a new form of cancer, you might want to determine whether it has a strong genetic basis or whether it is caused primarily by environmental factors.Propose some ways in which you could attempt to determine which hypothesis is correct.Which methods would be the easiest to use first?

Accepted Answer

Initially, it may be helpful to look at family histories to see whether the disease is more common among relatives than in the general population.If there is evidence that the disease runs in families, then more time-consuming molecular genetic analyses can be used to attempt to identify specific genes that may be associated with the disease.Specific molecular techniques can also be discussed.It may also be helpful to look at incidences of the disease in different populations, such as migrant populations, to see whether populations with similar genetic profiles show different disease profiles in different environments.Surveys may be useful to attempt to determine whether any suspected environmental factors differ significantly between groups being studied.

Question 10

Which of the following may result in conversion of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retroviral infection
B)  Gene duplication
C)  Promoter inhibition
D)  Retroviral infection and gene duplication are both correct.
E)  None of the answers is correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Mutations in proto-oncogenes are generally _____, whereas mutations in tumor-suppressor alleles are generally _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inversions; duplications
B)  recessive; dominant
C)  duplications; deletions
D)  dominant; recessive
E)  deletions; base-pair substitutionsF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

The normal activity of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the cell is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit p53 activity.
B)  suppress transcription of tumor-suppressor genes.
C)  regulate the progression of G1 to S in the cell cycle.
D)  induce cyclin-CDK complex formation.
E)  block the initiation of anaphase during the cell cycle.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Burkitt lymphoma is caused by which of the following chromosomal rearrangements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Duplication
B)  Deletion
C)  Inversion
D)  TranslocationE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following are mechanisms by which viruses contribute to cancer development?

Accepted Answer

A)  By modifications to cytoskeletal architecture
B)  By mutating and rearranging host proto-oncogenes
C)  By stimulating overexpression of proto-oncogenes
D)  Both by mutating and rearranging host proto-oncogenes and by stimulating overexpression of proto-oncogenes
E)  None of the answers is correct.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

What is a possible effect of mutations in genes that influence chromosome segregation during division?

Accepted Answer

This can lead to aneuploidies....

Question 16

Defects in _____ genes often increase the overall mutation rate of other genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  oncogenes
B)  proto-oncogenes
C)  tumor-suppressor
D)  DNA repairE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following events may serve as a first step in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overexpression of angiogenesis-promoting factors
B)  Duplication of an oncogene
C)  Mutation of a tumor-suppressor gene
D)  Both duplication of an oncogene and mutation of a tumor-suppressor gene
E)  None of the answers is correct.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Which chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with cancer development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deletions
B)  Inversions
C)  Creation of fusion genes
D)  Translocations
E)  All of the answers are correct.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Explain how retroviruses may cause cancers.

Accepted Answer

Retroviruses can (1)mutate hos...

Question 20

Which of the following result(s) directly from metastasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary tumors
B)  Secondary tumors
C)  Tumor vascularization
D)  Decreased DNA repair
E)  Increased apoptosisF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 16: Cancer Genetics

What is one line of evidence supporting the idea that cancer is influenced by environmental factors?

Correct Answer
verified
There are significant differences in the...
View Answer

What are normal cellular genes whose products are involved in facilitating cell division to occur under appropriate conditions called?

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe the role that the genes APC, p53, and ras may have in the development of colorectal cancer.

Correct Answer
verified
All three of these genes are often mutat...
View Answer

Evidence that the development of cancer is a multistep process includes:

Correct Answer
verified
A

List three observations consistent with the idea that cancer arises through an accumulation of mutations in several genes that promote cellular proliferation in single cells.

Correct Answer
verified
(1)When single tumors are dissected and ...
View Answer

Which of the following sequence of events will likely lead to colorectal cancer?

Correct Answer
verified

In Burkitt lymphoma patients, despite translocation, the oncogene c-MYC remains nearly intact in its new location.Yet c-MYC is believed to be responsible for the lymphoma because the c-MYC:

Correct Answer
verified

A tumor-suppressor gene that is mutated in about 75% of all colon cancers is known as:

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following may result in conversion of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes?

Correct Answer
verified

Mutations in proto-oncogenes are generally _, whereas mutations in tumor-suppressor alleles are generally _.

Correct Answer
verified

The normal activity of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the cell is to:

Correct Answer
verified

Burkitt lymphoma is caused by which of the following chromosomal rearrangements?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following are mechanisms by which viruses contribute to cancer development?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a possible effect of mutations in genes that influence chromosome segregation during division?

Correct Answer
verified
This can lead to aneuploidies....
View Answer

Defects in _____ genes often increase the overall mutation rate of other genes.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following events may serve as a first step in cancer development?

Correct Answer
verified

Which chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with cancer development?

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how retroviruses may cause cancers.

Correct Answer
verified
Retroviruses can (1)mutate hos...
View Answer

Which of the following result(s) directly from metastasis?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 16: Cancer Genetics

What is one line of evidence supporting the idea that cancer is influenced by environmental factors?

Correct AnswerverifiedThere are significant differences in the...View AnswerShow Answer

What are normal cellular genes whose products are involved in facilitating cell division to occur under appropriate conditions called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe the role that the genes APC, p53, and ras may have in the development of colorectal cancer.

Correct AnswerverifiedAll three of these genes are often mutat...View AnswerShow Answer

Evidence that the development of cancer is a multistep process includes:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

List three observations consistent with the idea that cancer arises through an accumulation of mutations in several genes that promote cellular proliferation in single cells.

Correct Answerverified(1)When single tumors are dissected and ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following sequence of events will likely lead to colorectal cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Burkitt lymphoma patients, despite translocation, the oncogene c-MYC remains nearly intact in its new location.Yet c-MYC is believed to be responsible for the lymphoma because the c-MYC:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A tumor-suppressor gene that is mutated in about 75% of all colon cancers is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following may result in conversion of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations in proto-oncogenes are generally _____, whereas mutations in tumor-suppressor alleles are generally _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The normal activity of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the cell is to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Burkitt lymphoma is caused by which of the following chromosomal rearrangements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are mechanisms by which viruses contribute to cancer development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a possible effect of mutations in genes that influence chromosome segregation during division?

Correct AnswerverifiedThis can lead to aneuploidies....View AnswerShow Answer

Defects in _____ genes often increase the overall mutation rate of other genes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following events may serve as a first step in cancer development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with cancer development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how retroviruses may cause cancers.

Correct AnswerverifiedRetroviruses can (1)mutate hos...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following result(s) directly from metastasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
There are significant differences in the...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
All three of these genes are often mutat...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified
(1)When single tumors are dissected and ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Mutations in proto-oncogenes are generally _, whereas mutations in tumor-suppressor alleles are generally _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
This can lead to aneuploidies....
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Retroviruses can (1)mutate hos...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified