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Exam 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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The mutation shown in the diagram below can best be described as a _____ mutation.

A) missense
B) nonsense
C) silent
D) neutral
E) reverse

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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In the Ames test, what types of mutations are used to test for chemical mutagens?

A) his^- to his⁺ mutations
B) pro^- to pro⁺ mutations
C) pro⁺ to pro^-mutations
D) his⁺ to his^- mutations
E) trp⁺ to trp^- mutations

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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Question 43

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During mismatch repair it is essential for the cell to be able to distinguish between the old template DNA strand and the newly synthesized DNA strand in order to make the appropriate correction of a mispairing created during DNA replication.How is this accomplished in E.coli?

Helen has type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) , a genetic skeletal disorder.Shown below is her DNA sequence for a portion of the coding region of the collagen type I gene, which contains the mutation responsible for her disorder.The corresponding wild-type sequence is shown also (only one DNA strand is shown in each case) . Helen 5'-AAACTCCACTTCTTCCAGTAC-3' Normal 5'-AAACTCACTTCTTCCAGTAC-3' What type of mutation does Helen carry?

Strains of E.coli that are defective in mismatch repair have very high levels of spontaneous mutagenesis.Studies have shown that in wild-type strains, A:C and G:T mispairings (as opposed to the normal A:T and G:C pairings) that occur during DNA replication are more likely than other mispairings (A:G, etc.) to be detected and.Which of the following types of base substitutions would you expect to be MOST common among the spectrum of spontaneous mutations created by the mutant mismatch repair-defective strains?

What is the function of DNA glycosylases?

Fragile-X syndrome is an example of a disease caused by what type of mutation?

How do germ-line mutations differ from somatic mutations?

A transposable element is found to use RNA as an intermediate in transposition.On the basis of this information, which of the following would you expect to be CORRECT?

Practically all transposable elements that have been studied are associated with which of the following?

What do alkylating agents do?

What is the difference between a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation?

A company has invented a new low-calorie sugar substitute.They want to determine if the substitute might be carcinogenic, so they use it in the Ames test.The results show no increase in mutant bacterial colonies.They then perform feeding experiments in laboratory rats and find a significant increase in the incidence of cancer.Offer an explanation for why the Ames test did not accurately predict the carcinogenic potential of the sugar substitute, and suggest a solution to the problem.

Huntington disease can strike at an earlier age and bring about a more rapid degeneration and death in successive generations within a family.This phenomenon can be explained by which mechanism?

You are working on an insulin-binding protein from fish.The beginning of the coding sequence of the gene is shown below.You find a mutant in the gene that cannot bind insulin (also shown below).Among a population of fish that have the gene for the mutant protein, you find one that produces a variant of this protein that can now bind insulin again (DNA sequence also shown below).What kind of mutation is this new variant? (Use a genetic rather than a biochemical classification.)

Why do disruptive DNA lesions, like deletions and insertions, sometimes not lead to frameshift mutations?